昌黎县葡萄沟土壤肥力综合评价与对策研究

Comprehensive Evaluation and Countermeasures for Soil Fertility of Grape Valley of Changli County

[目的]研究昌黎县葡萄沟葡萄园的土壤肥力现状,为合理施肥,提高葡萄的产量和品质提供科学依据。[方法]对昌黎县葡萄沟有代表性的葡萄园土壤样品进行理化性状测定和分析,运用修订的内梅罗综合指数法对该地区土壤肥力进行综合评价。[结果]昌黎县葡萄沟土壤pH值偏酸性,容重偏大,有机质含量贫乏,碱解氮含量偏低,速效磷含量丰富,部分葡萄园土壤存在钾素含量偏低,土壤供钾潜力不高的问题,绝大部分土壤处于无盐害的安全区。综合评价结果表明:昌黎县葡萄沟土壤综合肥力系数平均值为1.15,与土壤肥力等级划分指标相比,属三级,土壤肥力一般,其限制因子有有机质、碱解氮、容重、pH值和速效钾。[结论]可通过适量施用石灰,改良土壤酸性;增施有机肥;开展配方施肥,提高化肥利用率等措施提高昌黎县葡萄沟葡萄园土壤肥力。

[Objective] The research aimed to study the present situation of soil fertility from Changli Grape Valley,which could provide scientific evidence for rational fertilization and improving grape production and quality.[Method] The physical and chemical properties of the representative samples of Changli Grape Valley soil were measured and analyzed,and Nemero comprehensive index method was used to evaluate the soil fertility in the region.[Result] The soil pH value of Changli County Grape Valley was of weak acidity and the bulk density was too large.Organic matter content was poor and alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen content was low while available phosphorus content was rich.Part of the vineyard soil available potassium content was low there and the potential of soil potassium was not high.Most of the salt-free soil was in the safety zone.Evaluation results showed that the soil fertility coefficient of Changli Grape Valley averaged 1.15.Comparing with the soil classification index,it belonged to three-level.The soil fertility was general,and its limited factors included organic matter,alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen,bulk density,pH value and available potassium.[Conclusion] Such measures could be used to improve the soil fertility of Changli Grape Valley as applying proper lime to modify the soil acid,carrying out formula fertilization to raise the utilization ratio of chemical fertilizer,and so on.