赣江流域袁河底栖动物群落结构及其水质生物学评价

Community Structure of Macrozoobenthos and Biological Evaluation of Water Quality in Yuanhe River of Ganjiang River Basin

2009年6、11月和2010年4月共3个水情期(即丰、枯和平水期)对赣江流域一级支流袁河底栖动物群落结构进行了调查。结果表明袁河流域底栖动物17种,隶属于3门5纲12科,其中寡毛类4种,蛭类1种,腹足类5种,瓣鳃类4种,水生昆虫类3种。袁河底栖动物3期总密度和总生物量分别为1 762.29 ind./m2和982.37 g/m2,密度上摇蚊占优势,生物量上铜锈环棱螺占优势。不同水情期现存量也存在差异,平水期的密度和生物量均比丰水期、枯水期的大;丰水期的密度比枯水期的大,而生物量却比枯水期的小。袁河底栖动物优势种为摇蚊、铜锈环棱螺、河蚬和方格短沟蜷。Shannon-Wiener指数、Margalef指数表明袁河底栖动物多样性存在季节性变化,且下游多样性比上中游复杂;Shannon-Wiener指数和FBI指数的结果表明袁河水质已受到不同程度污染。

The community structure of macrozoobenthos in Yuanhe River which was a first level tributary of Ganjiang River basin were investigated in June 2009,November 2009 and April 2010 for the high-water period,low-water period and normal-water period respectively.The results showed that 17 species of macrozoobenthos were identified,belonged to 3 phyla,5 classes and 12 families,were identified.There were 4 species of Oligochaeta,1 species of Hirudinca,5 species of Gastropoda,4 species of Lamellibramchia,and 13 species of aquatic insects.The total density and biomass of macrozoobenthos respectively were 1 762.29 ind/m2 and 982.37 g/m2,especially Chironmus sp.Was dominant in density and Bellamya aeruginosa was dominant in biomass.There were differences in standing crop around different water-regimen periods.The density and biomass of macrozoobenthos in normal-water period were higher than those in high-water period or low-water period.The density in high-water period was larger than in low-water period,while the biomass was less.The dominant species were Chironmus sp.,Bellamya aeruginosa,Corbicula fluminen,Semisulcospira cancellata.Shannon-Wiener diversity index and Margalef index indicated that the macrozoobenthic diversity changed seasonally and it was more complex in the downstream than in the upper and middle stream of Yuanhe River.The Shannon-Wiener diversity index and Family Biotic Index（FBI） suggested that the water has been polluted in vary degrees.