粗制蜂蜡脱色过程研究

Study on the Bleaching Process of Crude Beeswax

[目的]研究粗制蜂蜡的脱色过程,以期为蜂蜡生产提供理论指导。[方法]以过氧化氢为脱色剂对粗制蜂蜡进行脱色,研究了不同试剂用量、脱色温度、脱色时间与搅拌速度对蜂蜡色泽及酸价的影响。[结果]蜂蜡色泽随过氧化氢用量增加而降低,过氧化氢用量为0.3 ml/g时色泽达到1级;脱色时间对蜂蜡脱色效果的影响与过氧化氢用量有关与蜂蜡酸价无关;而脱色温度对蜂蜡色泽的影响与脱色时间有关,随脱色温度升高蜂蜡胶价低。脱色时,随着搅拌速度的提高,蜂蜡色泽变浅;但转速太高会造成蜂蜡色泽回升。[结论]在该试验条件下,过氧化氢用量0.3 ml/g,脱色时间60 min,脱色温度80℃,搅拌速度700 r/min,脱色效果达到1级。蜂蜡脱色过程受多种因素影响,并且伴随有回色现象发生,需结合具体情况确定最为经济高效的脱色条件。

[Objective]The aim was to study the bleaching process of crude beeswax to provide the theoretical direction for beeswax production.[Method] Using H2O2 as the bleaching agent,the effects of different H2O2 amount,bleaching temperature,bleaching time and stirring speed on the color and acid value of crude beeswax were studied.[Result] The color of beeswax declined when the amount of H2O2 increased.The color grade showed 1 grade when 0.3 ml/g of H2O2 was inputted.The effect of bleaching time was related to H2O2 amount and had nothing with acid value of beeswax,and the effect of bleaching temperature was related to bleaching time,and the acid value of beeswax decreased with the increasing of bleaching temperature.Along with the increasing of stirring speed,the color of beeswax declined at the time of bleach;but the color of beeswax would revert if the speed was too fast.[Conclusion] Under the following conditions,namely,hydrogen peroxide dosage was 0.3 mg/g,bleaching time was 60 min,bleaching temperature was 80 ℃ and stirring speed was 700 r/min,the bleaching effect would reach to 1 grade.The bleaching process of crude beeswax was affected by many factors,which was usually accompanied by color reversion,therefore,the most economic and effective bleaching conditions should be combined with specific conditions.