昆虫滞育终止的环境和遗传控制(英文)

Environmental and Genetic Regulation of the Diapause Termination in Insects

滞育是昆虫能够在不利环境条件下生存主要依赖的生理机制之一。滞育终止是滞育过程的特殊阶段,理解滞育终止的调控机制对于农业生态管理具有重要意义。目前已经有大量研究报道了滞育终止过程会受到许多环境和遗传因子调控,但相关研究的概括总结并不多。本文首先介绍了环境因子对滞育结束的影响,即低温或冷却有助于温带地区昆虫滞育的解除,光周期的改变可以终止大多数夏滞育,湿度和食料因子等也可以单独或协同解除滞育,然后分别从蜕皮激素、保幼激素、滞育激素等3种内分泌激素在滞育结束过程中发挥的内分泌调节作用做进一步讨论,最后从分子水平探讨了滞育结束过程中可能涉及到的分子机理以及在研究滞育结束过程中遇到的诸如滞育结束时间的判断等问题,本研究为今后在滞育结束的分子机制和昆虫的季节性调控方面做更深入的研究提供参考。

Diapause is one of the chief physiological mechanisms by which insects can survive under the adverse environmental conditions.The diapause termination is a special stage for diapause development and characterization.An understanding of the mechanisms underlying diapause termination is critical in the management of any agroecosystem.Numerous studies report that diapause termination can be influenced by many environmental and genetic factors,but not summarized.This paper firstly provides an overview of the effect of environmental factors on diapause termination,including the low temperature or chilling can prompt diapause termination,the change of photoperiod also can terminate most of the summer diapause,humidity and food factors can separately or jointly terminate the summer or winter diapause in many insects.Besides the environmental effect,then a further discussion is made on the role that the three different kinds of endocrine hormones（ecdysteroids or ecdysteroid antagonist,juvenile hormones and diapause hormone） play in diapause regulation respectively.Finally,it is discussed that the molecular mechanisms which may be involved in the process of termination and the problems which had been encountered in the course of recent study on diapause termination,such as how to ascertain whether the diapause is terminated,with aim to offer a rich potential for contributing not only to an understanding of the molecular basis of insect seasonality but also to other related and timely topics in the agricultural and biomedical sciences.