重庆市城市化水平与生态压力关系研究

Research on the Relationship Between Level of Urbanization and Ecological Pressure in Chongqing

文章采用多指标综合评价法测度了重庆市1997—2008年的城市化水平综合得分,依据生态足迹的理论和方法,计算了重庆市1997—2008年生态足迹、生态承载力、生态盈余/赤字,构建生态压力定量模型,即生态压力指数。结果表明:1997—2008年,重庆市人均生态足迹从1.035 4 hm2增长至1.452 3 hm2,人均生态承载力则从0.506 8hm2下降至0.454 2 hm2,人均生态盈余/赤字处于生态赤字状态,从-0.528 6 hm2变化至-0.998 1 hm2,生态压力指数从0.243 0增长至3.197 5。将城市化水平与生态压力指数做相关分析和回归分析,相关系数R=0.91,回归方程为Y=0.005 0X+2.432 1(R=0.94,F=599.22,F0.01=10.044 2,Y代表生态压力指数,X代表城市化水平),揭示出重庆市城市化水平提高导致区域生态压力增大。结合重庆市的实际情况,从发展周边区县,调整产业结构,合理规划城市土地,保护生态环境几个方面提出解决城市化进程中生态压力增大矛盾的途径。

It is urgent to research the influence of urbanization and ecological environment during ecological civilization construction in Chongqing.Based on ecological civilization construction and theory and method of ecological footprint,this calculated ecological footprint,ecological capacity and ecological surplus/deficit in Chongqing from 1997 to 2008 and then constructed quantificational model of ecological pressure,that is,index of ecological pressure.Results show that per capita average ecological footprint in Chongqing increases from 1.035 4 hm2 in 1997 to 1.452 3 hm2 in 2008 per capita average ecological capacity in Chongqing reduces form 0.560 8 hm2 in 1997 to 0.454 2 hm2 in 2008 per capita average ecological surplus/deficit is deficit which changes from-0.528 6 hm2 in 1997 to-0.998 1 hm2 in 2008,index of ecological pressure increases from 0.243 0 in 1997 to 3.1975 in 2008.Correlation analysis and regression analysis are made between ecological pressure and levels of urbanization,correlation coefficient R=0.91,regression equation is Y=0.005 0X＋2.432 1（R=0.94,F=599.22,F0.01=10.044 2,Y is index of ecological pressure,X is the level of urbanization）.According to correlation analysis,the relationships between them are positive,so the level of urbanization is increased,ecological pressure is aggravated in area.And according to regression analysis,an equation was calculated which can reveal the relationships between ecological pressure and levels of urbanization.Finally combined with the actual situation of Chongqing as a municipality and the economic center of upstream in Yangtze River,some advices were given to resolve this contradiction.