三种林型蒸散量测定方法的研究

Study on Testing Methods for Three Forest Type's Evapotranspiration

运用４种方法分别测定了３种林型的蒸散量， 分析了４种方法的优缺点及其适用范围。在静风条件下或人力不足时，用能量平衡法能获得满意的结果；在人力允许而仪器不足时， 用实测法可获得准确的数据；空气动力学法不适用于静风天气，实际工作中可根据人力、物力和天气条件选用上述３种方法中的一种与彭门公式法配合运用， 则能较准确地测定不同林型的日、季、年蒸散量。本文用能量平衡法和彭门公式配合，计算了３种林型的年蒸散量，其中阔叶林的年蒸散量为１ １２５７ ｍ ｍ ， 杉木林为１ １０５０ ｍ ｍ ， 黄山松林为１ ０７４２ ｍ ｍ 。结果表明， 在亚热带北缘山区以阔叶林的蒸散量最大，

The evapotranspiration of three kinds of forest type was determined with four methods and the advantages,disadvantages and application of these methods were also analysed in this paper.Under the conditions of calm or the insufficiency of manpower,the satifying results could be gained by Energybalance method.When manpower permited and the instruments were inadequate,the accurate data were obtained by the practical measurements.The aerodynamic method was not adapt to the calm.However,in practic,one of the three methods above together with penman formula method can be used to determine the day's,season's and year's evapotranspiration of different forest types.In the paper,Energy balance method,in combination with Penman method,was chosed to calculate three kinds of forest type's annual evapotranspiration.The results showed that the broad leaf forest's was 1125 7 mm,the China fir's 1105 0 mm and the Huangshan pine's 1074 2 mm.The broad leaf forest's evapotranspiration in the north of the subtropic mountain areas was the largest and its efficacy of water regulation the best.