加拿大贸易救济制度中的竞争问题研究

On the Competition Issue of Canadian Trade Remedy System

贸易救济措施包括反倾销、反补贴与保障措施。贸易救济措施可能会将外国企业的合理竞争排除在国内市场之外,导致国内市场竞争减少。在加拿大贸易救济制度中,有一项独立的公共利益调查程序。公共利益调查中考虑的一个重要问题就是竞争问题。从1984年加拿大《特别进口措施法》颁布至今,加拿大共发起贸易救济调查161起,其中只有13个案件涉及竞争问题,因竞争问题而最终减征或免征贸易救济税的案件更少。在加拿大对华贸易救济调查中,只有一个案件提起了公共利益调查申请,但在开始阶段便被国际贸易法庭拒绝了,没能进入实质调查阶段。这一结果反映了加拿大贸易救济制度中考虑竞争问题的例外性。

Trade remedy measures includes anti-dumping, countervailing and safeguard measures. Trade remedy measures may exclude reasonable competition of foreign enterprises in the domestic market, and then reduce competition in the domestic market. There is an independent public interest investigation in Canadian trade remedy system. The issue of competition is important in the investigation of public interest. Since the Special Import Measures Act enacted at 1984, Canada has initiated 161 trade remedy investigations, of which only 13 cases involved the issue of competition, and less cases in which trade remedy tax be reduced or exempted eventually because of competition issue. In the trade remedy investigations against China, only one case in which a public interest investigation be applied, but in the beginning it was rejected by the Canadian International Trade Tribunal, failed to make substantive investigation. This result reflects the exceptions of the competition in the Canadian trade remedy system.