良知学与教育——中国教育需要一场革命

Intuitive Knowledge and Education: The Need of a Revolution in Education in China

中国教育要获得质的提升需要完善教育理念,教育理念的核心是人的哲学、生命的哲学。人的身心是一个整体,心灵则是生命之体,身体则为生命之用,身心畅通是生命机体活跃充沛的条件,自孔子"六艺"到阳明"良知学"都以此为本。依照心灵大体的观念,当下及未来之教育必须着眼于具有平民人格的"精神贵族"即儒家之"大人"或"大丈夫",如儿童教育则重在心灵开放、气机通达,使之身心舒畅,进而步步提升前进。教育理念上必须"由器入道",方法上要以生命的养成为鹄的,才能造就健康、向上、奋进的社会栋梁。

A major breakthrough in education quality calls for a revolutionized philosophy of education, the core of which is a philosophy of humanity and life. The human body and the soul is a unity with the soul being the locality of life and the body being its faculty. The wellbeing of the body and the soul is a prerequisite for a life to be robust. This idea is essential to philosophies from Confucius’six practical arts to Wang Yangming’s intuitive knowledge. According to the theory of unity of body and soul,education at the present time and in the future should be aimed at enabling an individual to develop a mind of a noble and a personality of a commoner like a daren or dazhangfu in Confucius’s terminology. For example,in educating the children,priority should be placed on the opening up of their minds and on the wellbeing of the mind and the body in order to ensure ease of body and mind and their gradual improvement. Pedagogically,education must start with the training of physical abilities and end with the instilling of morality into their minds. All instructional methods should aim at producing robust lives with a healthy body and a positive world outlook,lives that push vigorously forward and are of great value to society.