中国建筑园林的南北差异

THE DIFFERENCE IN ARCHITECTURE AND GARDEN STYLES BETWEEN THE NORTH AND THE SOUTH IN CHINA

我国建筑和园林南北差异明显。在园林方面，南巢北穴，缘由不同；南敞北实，形式不同；南水北石，要素不同；南花北柏，植被不同；南私北皇，社会背景不同。在宗教建筑方面，南方多佛教名山和道教洞天福地，北方多佛教石窟。此外，在民居的空间布局和建筑形式方面、街坊格局方面，也有差异。建筑和园林的南北差异是我国地域文化景观的重要组成部分。

The difference in architecture and garden styles is rather distinct between the North China and the South China. In consideration of the garden styles, the difference is embodied in many aspects: the origin is different because the gardens stem mostly from nests in the South China while from holes in the North China; the formation is different, the gardens are open-oriented in the South China while closed-oriented in the North China; the constituents are different,there are lots of water bodies in the gardens of South China while stones in the North China; the vegetation is also different, there are mainly flowers in the gardens of the South China while cypresses in the North China; the social background is different, the gardens are mainly of private gardens in the South China while of royal gardens in the North China. As to the style of the religious architecture, there are mainly famous mountains for Buddhism and caverns of heaven and places of blessing for Taoism in the South China while grottos for Buddhism in the North China. In addition, there is also difference in the formation of the residential buildings the streets between the North China and the South China. The difference of the architecture and the garden styles between the North and the South China is an important aspect of the regional culture landscape.