残疾人社区康复的历史与现状

The History and Current Situation of Community-based Rehabilitation for Persons with Disability

社区康复(CBR)是目前国际社会提倡的残疾人发展战略,涵盖了残疾人发展的健康、教育、生计、社会和赋权领域,以残疾人社会融合为最高目标,强调社区在残疾人发展中的基础作用。根据国际上关于社区康复的重要文献,文章对国际社区康复的发展历史进行回顾,分析国际社区康复的演变特征,总结当前国际社区康复的最新理念。理清中国社区康复的发展历史,分析目前中国社区康复的特色和存在的问题,重点探讨中国社区康复的本土化发展模式,以期使中国社区康复在吸收国际经验的同时又符合中国残疾人发展的需求。

The community-based rehabilitation （CBR） is a disabled persons＇ development strategy that the international society advocates at present. CBR includes health, education, livelihood, society and empowerment. The final goal of CBR is social inclusion of disabled persons with the focus on the basic role that community plays in the development of disabled persons. According to international documents about CBR, the paper reviews the development history, analyses the evolu- tion features and summarizes the new idea of international CBR. On the basis of Chinese study and government planning about CBR, the paper makes clear of the development history, introduces the current situation of Chinese CBR and discusses the indigenous development model of Chinese CBR, with the purpose to make Chinese CBR learn international experience and meet the development demands of Chinese disabled persons.