外商直接投资对我国制造业自主创新投入的影响

The Impact of Foreign Direct Investment on Independent Innovation Input of the Chinese Manufacturing Sector

本文利用2003-2007年我国28个制造行业的面板数据,检验了外商直接投资(FDI)参与度、FDI研发强度以及科技人员比重等因素对内资制造业自主创新投入的影响。结果表明上述三个因素对全部内资制造业的自主创新投入的影响并不显著。将制造业划分为高技术行业和一般行业,外资参与度对内资高技术行业研发强度的抑制程度要小于一般行业。外资研发强度对内资高技术行业研发强度的影响显著为负,对一般行业亦产生消极影响,但不显著。外资科技人员比重明显促进了高技术行业的自主创新投入,对低技术行业的研发支出强度产生负面影响,但统计上也不显著。上述结论意味着外资参与对内资自主创新投入的影响较为间接,需要关注直接影响内资自主创新投入的外资研发强度和外资科技人员比重等因素。内资企业要主动提高自主创新投入,形成自主创新能力,缩小和外资的技术差距。

The panel data of 28 manufacturing industries in our country from 2003 to 2007 are used to test the impact of participation of FDI, R＆D intensity and the proportion of personnel for science and technology （S＆T） activities of foreign firm on independent innovation input of domestic manufacturing sector. The results show that there was not significant effect on innovation input of domestic manufacturing sector on the whole. After classifying manufacturing sector as high-tech industries and general industries, it＇s found that foreign investment＇s negative impact on domestic R＆D intensity of high-tech industry is less than that of the general industry and foreign R＆D intensity＇s influence on domestic high technology R＆D intensity is significant negative and that of the general industry is negative, but not significant. The proportion of foreign personnel for S＆T promotes innovation input of high- tech industry and has a negative impact on R＆D expenditures of low technology industry. The above conclusions mean that foreign investment has indirect impact on independent innovation. It＇s needed to focus on R＆D intensity and the proportion of foreign personnel for S＆T and other factors which directly affect innovation input of domestic manufacturing sector. It demands domestic enterprises to take the initiative to increase independent innovation input and form independent innovation capacity and reduce the technology gap with foreign firms.