企业战略管理理论演变与战略风险思想探析

The Evolution of Strategic Management Theory and Strategic Risk Thinking Exploring

经营环境的复杂、多变和不确定,战略风险成为企业面临的最大风险,战略风险被称为战略的副产品,为从根源上把握战略风险的本质,本文系统回顾了企业战略管理理论的产生、发展和演变,并对主要战略管理学派—战略规划学派、环境适应学派、战略定位学派、资源基础论和核心能力学派以及动态能力学派的内在演变逻辑、主要观点和蕴含的战略风险思想进行研究。研究表明战略本身作为一种风险规避的手段,随着环境的变化战略管理的内容也在不断演变,同时战略本身的风险也因环境的变化在不断增加;战略风险产生的根源是战略、企业资源和能力与环境动态匹配失衡的结果,战略风险来源于战略、资源能力及环境各要素之间的不匹配以及战略管理过程的不确定。战略风险与战略相伴而生,随着战略风险重要性的提高,战略风险将不断融入战略管理过程,成为战略管理的有机组成部分。

As the business environment is complicated and changeable and uncertain, strategic risk becomes the biggest risk of all. Strategic risk is known as a by-product of strategy. In order to grasp the essence of the strategic risk, this paper systematically researches the production, development and evolution of strategic management theory, and introduces, analyses and summarizes inherent evolution trend and major points of main strategic management theory schools including strategic planning school, environmental adaptation school, strategic location school, resource-based view and core competency school and dynamic capability school , and strategic risk thinking in them. Studies show that strategy itself as a mean of risk avoidance, with environmental change, the contents of the strategic management is also evolve, and the risk of strategy is in increasing. Sources of strategic risk occurrence are the results of strategy, resource and competency and environment matching unbalance each other. Strategic risk occurs from the strategy, resources and competency and environment mismatching each other and the uncertainty of strategic management process. Strategic risk keeps with strategy. As the importance of strategic risk increases, strategic risk will integrate into the strategic management process and becomes an organic part of strategic management.