浅析现代经济增长理论的演变

A Brief Analysis on the Evolvement of Modern Economic Growth Theory

经济增长不仅是经济学研究的永恒主题,更是全世界都普遍关注的问题。从亚当.斯密开始,经济学家就不断地对经济增长进行探索。正是由于经济增长与全世界人民的福利息息相关,所以我们对经济增长的研究就显得格外重要。然而随着经济全球化的发展,传统经济增长理论已经不能解释现代社会经济发展过程中出现的种种现象。理论和现实之间的矛盾促使我们探求现代经济增长理论,以更好地解释世界。因此,对现代经济增长理论的演变进行探索,具有积极的理论和现实意义。本文从经济增长的事实入手,首先界定了现代经济增长的概念,然后对现代经济增长理论的发展脉络进行梳理和阐述,分别对哈罗德—多马模型、新古典经济增长模型(外生增长理论)和新增长模型(内生增长理论)进行了详细分析。通过分析可见现代经济增长理论经历了由技术外生增长到内生增长、市场结构由完全竞争到垄断竞争的演变。

Economic growth is not only the eternal theme of economics, but also the issue generally concerned about by all over the world. Economists have been studying the economic growth since Adam Smith. It is extremely important to research on economic growth because that economic growth and welfare around the world are closely related. However, with the development of economic globalization, the traditional theory of economic growth can not explain the modern economic development. The contradiction between theory and reality make us to research on the modern economic growth theory in order to explain the world better. Therefore, to explore the evolution of modern economic growth theory has a positive theoretical and practical meaning. This article Starts from the fact that economic growth, sorts out and elaborates the development of modern economic growth theory then, analyzes Harrod-Domar model, neoclassical growth model （exogenous growth theory） and the new growth model （endogenous growth theory） in detail respectively. Through the analysis we can conclude that the modern economic growth theory had evolved from technology exogenous growth to endogenous growth, and the market structure had changed from perfect competition into monopolistic competition.