“保护伞条款”与国际投资争端管辖权的确定

The "Umbrella Clause" and the Jurisdiction of The Investor-State Dispute Settlement

自上世纪中期以来,国际直接投资活动发展迅速。东道国为了吸引更多的海外投资,往往会在双边投资条约中,签订承诺保护外国投资者所有投资权利的"保护伞条款"。这一条款的创设,使得此后外国投资者能够以东道国违反与其签订的合同义务为由,通过"保护伞条款"将本属东道国国内管辖的合同争端,上升为东道国需担负国际责任的条约争端。ICSID对两个SGS案及相关系列案件的不同裁决,体现了国际仲裁庭对于"保护伞条款"在确定外国投资者与东道国争端管辖权中适用的态度—并无统一标准,个案区别对待的原则。因此,对于目前兼具资本输出国与资本输入国双重身份的中国而言,在签订双边投资条约时,应给予"保护伞条款"以更多关注,以求最大限度维护我国利益。

since last mid-century,the international investment activities heve been extensively carried out.In order to attract more international investment,the host state always committees to perform all promises that will be good for protecting the investor when it signs the BIT.Just because of that clause,the investor will elevate the contract-based dispute to the treaty-based dispute easily.ICSID made different arbitrations for two SGS and series cases.It explains that there is no standard for the application of the ＂umbrella clause＂ during the arbitrating.The final arbitration depends on different situation of different case.Now China,is not only a capital-input country,but also a capital-output country.For the better and more rapid developing of foreign direct investment,China should pay more attention to the ＂Umbrella Clause＂.