《史记》编纂学中的破例问题

Rule Breaking in the Compilation of Shih Chi

中国历史编纂学的破例问题是中国史学进程紧密关联的重要问题,对中国历史编纂学产生了深刻影响。《史记》立例而又破例,开创了传统历史编纂学破例现象的先河,解读《史记》破例背后所体现的司马迁的历史编纂思想,必须要从《史记》的撰书宗旨和当时的历史情境出发,用开放的眼光来解读司马迁在史书编纂方面的创造力。在中国历史编纂学的发展长河中,强调史书体例纯粹性、抨击史家史法乖迁是中国历史编纂学的优良传统,但是史学家在评论史书体例破例与否,一定要从历史编纂的实际出发,从历史编纂的指导思想出发,唯有此,对史书编纂破例与否的讨论才"名"、"实"相符,才更有积极的意义。

The issue of rule breaking in Chinese historiography is important and closely related to the development of Chinese historical studies and has exerted huge influence over Chinese historiography. The examples of breaking roles must be studied from the historical conditions of that period, and Sima Qian＇ s creativity in compiling historical books must be interpreted with an open mind. Only in this way, can the discussion of breaking rules in the compilation of historical books be of significance.