北京南海子麋鹿苑麋鹿食性分析

Diet of Pere David's Deer (Elaphurus davidianus) at Milu Park in Beijing,China

2010年1～12月,在北京南海子麋鹿苑用粪便显微组织技术分析麋鹿食性。将收集的240组粪样8个复合样本和11科19种(属)植物标本进行镜检分析,结果如下:春季,麋鹿主要采食紫花苜蓿(4.03%)、狗尾草(11.87%)、野苋菜(9.51%)、黑麦草(8.13%);夏季,紫花苜蓿(27.61%)、狗尾草(15.45%)、禾本类其他植物(11.82%)、野苋菜(8.07%);秋季,紫花苜蓿(22.57%)、蒿(12.55%)、狗尾草(11.26%)、黑麦草(11.17%);冬季,紫花苜蓿(17.16%)、狗尾草(14.48%)、蒿(13.63%)、野苋菜(13.19%)。

We examined diet composition,forage selection,and foraging strategy of a captive herd of Elaphurus davidianus （Chinese name：Milu） using microhistological analysis of faeces and food in the stomach in combination with field observation from January 2010 to December 2010 at Milu Park in Beijing.Based on 8 samples of faeces and 19 categories of plant specimens collected at Milu Park,the diet of E.davidianus included 11 plant families and 19 plant species during 2010.Medicago sativa,Setaria,Amaranthus viridis,Lolium perenne were staples in spring.Their percentages in the spring diet were 4.03%, 11.87%,9.51%,8.13%respectively.Medicago sativa,Setaria,others,Amaranthus viridis.were staples in summer.Their percentages in the summer diet were 27.61%,15.45%,11.82%,8.07%respectively.Medicago sativa,Artemisia spp., Setaria,Lolium perenne were staples of the autumn diet with percentages of 22.57%,12.55%,11.26%,11.17%respectively. Medicago sativa,Setaria,Artemisia spp.,Amaranthus viridis were winter staples with percentages in the winter diet of 17.16%,14.48%,13.63%,13.19%respectively.