扎龙湿地丹顶鹤种群数量调查及保护

Investigations of Population Size and Conservation Measures for Red-crowned Crane in Zhalong Natural Reserve

根据野外调查以及人工驯养繁育丹顶鹤的数量统计,研究了近30 a(1981～2010年)扎龙湿地丹顶鹤种群的变动。结果表明,扎龙保护区野生丹顶鹤数量维持在300只左右,是我国最大的野生丹顶鹤繁殖种群,占世界迁徙野生丹顶鹤总数的25%,而这些主要得益于扎龙保护区再建区30 a来,通过严格管护、科学研究、社区共建、环境教育及实施有效补水等一系列举措,使保护区核心区生态完整性和原始性得以保持,湿地面积占保护区总面积的75.7%,为丹顶鹤等珍稀濒危鸟类提供了良好的栖息繁殖场所。同时保护区在人工饲养繁育丹顶鹤领域积累了丰富的实践经验,丹顶鹤人工驯养种群达到300多只,已成为中国丹顶鹤人工驯养繁育科学研究基地,保护区探索出的人工繁育丹顶鹤的野化途径和方法,对野生丹顶鹤种群数量的补充起到了积极作用。

Population size and dynamics of Red - crowned Crane were studied at Zhalong National Nature Reserve（ZNNR） during 1981～2010,by annual field survey and counts of the captive breeding population.ZNNR typically supports more than 25%of the global migratory population（c.300 birds） of Red - crowned Cranes and the largest wild breeding population of Red - crowned Crane in China.The large numbers of Red - crowned Crane at ZNNR are attributable to conservation management including strict protection,scientific research,community co - management,environmental education,and wetland restoration taken by the nature reserve since 1981.The natural wetland habitats in the core area have been well protected and provide suitable breeding habitats for Red - crown Crane.Wetlands comprise 75.7%of the total area of the nature reserve.Meanwhile,the captive population size has increased to 300 cranes through good management by the nature reserve. The successful establishment of the largest captive population of Red - crown Cranes has made ZNNR an important artificial breeding base for this globally endangered crane species（BirdLife International 2009）.The continuous rehabitation and reintroduction of captive cranes into the wild by ZNNR will promote the conservation of Red - crowned Crane by increasing the wild population size.