摘要
利用低温生物学与人工辅助生殖技术(ART)保护生物资源,被证明是保护野生动物遗传资源的有效手段之一。野生动物的种质(卵母细胞、精子)或胚胎,相关的组织(卵巢、睾丸或附睾等)和体细胞均可以在-196℃超低温的环境下长期保持。人工辅助生殖技术除低温生物学技术外,还包括:人工授精技术;卵母细胞的体外成熟技术;体外受精技术以及胚胎移植;产前诊断等众多复杂的技术。但是,应用于野生动物的低温生物学和ART与应用与经济动物和实验动物时有很大差异,特别是某些需保种的珍稀或濒危野生动物数量有限,野生动物冷冻保种时有许多技术困难急待克服。例如:野生动物种质冷冻样品的采集问题;各种野生动物冷冻胚胎和冷冻精子时可能采取的最佳冷冻保护程序及不同的冷冻保护剂。特别是如何选取适当的野生动物受体成为制约其发展的一个瓶颈。
We discuss the use of cryobiology and artificial assisted reproductive technnology(ART) for conservation of the wild animal resource.The germplasms of wild animals(oocytes,sperm) and the multicellular embryos,somatic cells and smaller organs(ovary,testicle,epididymis) can be preserved using cryopreservation at supercooled temperatures, -196℃.ART includes cryobiology and other advanced technologies such as artificial insemination,in vitro maturation (IVM) and in vitro fertilization(IVF),embryo transfer(ET),pre - pregnancy diagnosis(PGD) and others.Techniques differ when using cryopreservation and ARTs,depending whether they are applied to wild,domestic or laboratory research animals. Technical difficulties confound cryopreservation of wild animal germplasm,including:collection of germ plasm from wild animals;selection of optimal protocols and cryoprotectors for various species of wild animals.Selecting suitable receptor species for ET in wild animals also remains an obstacle,especially among endangered species and those extinct in the wild.
基金
国家科技支撑计划课题(2009BA183B01-6)子课题资助
海南省重点科技项目(2009年)
项目编号:090203
关键词
野生动物
人工辅助生殖技术
胚胎工程
人工授精
受体
Wild animal
Assisted reproductive technology(ART)
Embryo engineer
Insemination
Receptor