论词的语言意义的特性

The "Langue" Features of Lexis

语言学里通常所说的词汇意义,也就是词的语言意义,指的是词在脱离语言环境下存在的意义,它有别于词的言语意义,可称之为无语境义或贮存义,这种意义正是语义学研究的对象。但是由于这种意义不易把握,加之受逻辑语义学的影响,一般都把这种意义或这种意义的核心部分与逻辑概念的内涵混淆,称作"概念义"。将语义与逻辑混淆,造成了语义学中一些相关命题的讨论偏离事实,也使词的语言意义中的一些重要现象被掩盖。对词的语言意义的特性需要在辩证唯物认识论基础上加以讨论。词汇意义与逻辑概念不同,具有社会性、经验性、民族性、系统性等特性,应加以区分并用语言事实对这些特性的存在加以说明。

Lexical meanings to which one usually refers in Linguistics is indeed the ＂langue＂ features,namely,those that exist in situationally decontextualized state,hence different from the ＂parole＂ meanings.They may therefore be termed si-tuation-free or stored features and are what Semantics aims at.However,since such features are difficult to handle,and Logic Semantics also has an impact on meaning study,people generally confuse them,or the core part of them,with logical features.That hence misleads the study of some topics in Semantics,and some essential phenomena about the langue features of lexis are concealed.In fact,the two kinds of features are different;and the langue features have such characteristics as sociality,experientiality,ethnicality,systemicness,and others.