解构主义视域中的马克思形象──以德里达的《马克思的幽灵》为例

Deconstruction of Marxist Perspective Image: Take Derrida's The Specters of Marx as an Example

德里达驳斥了资产阶级的种种弥赛亚福音式的狂欢,自觉地选择了边缘化的马克思主义,并对解构的马克思主义精神对现实社会的"脱节"做出了解构的分析,进而提出了自己的幽灵政治学。更进一步,德里达希望使其幽灵政治学现实化,非教条地解构主义地现实化,并在此基础上,试图构建自己的科学的历史学。这种历史学包含着延异和解构的特性。在种种的努力中,解构主义者德里达展示了一幅工具化的马克思形象。

Jacques Derrida (1930-2004) chooses the marginalization of Marxism and deconstructs Marxism. He makes an analysis of deconstruction, then presents the specters of his own political science. Moreover, he hopes to make the specters of political science to the real life through non-dogmatic way. Derrida wants to build his own history. This history involves both different and deconstructed features. Derrida’s deconstruction of political science is not purely a negative, his intention is to build his own history, the history about pursuit of justice, which bases on his political positions, by the tool of Marxist interpretation of the specters of political science, and also bases on Marx’s legacy. Moreover, the paper analyzes the tools that Derrida’s use of Marx and the Marxist legacy of deconstructive inheritance, which outlined a deconstruction of Marxist perspective image.