4Ramsey D J, Smithard DG, Kalral.Early assessments of dysphagia and aspiration risk in acute stroke patients[ J ] .Stroke, 2003,34 ( 5 ): 1252-1257.
5Marlino R, Foley N, Bhogal S, et al.Dysphagia after stroke [ J ]. Stroke, 2005,36 ( 12 ) : 2756-2763.
6Ding RY, Logemann JA.Pneumonia in stroke patients: a retro speetivestudy[ J ] .Dysphagia, 2000,15 ( 2 ) : 51-57.
7Sarithard DG, O'neill Pa, Darks D, et al .Complications and out come after acute stroke.Does dysphagia matter[ J ] .Stroke, 1996, 27( 14): 1459.
8Kelly JH, Buchholz D.Nutritional management of the patient with a neurological [ J ].ENT, 1996,75 ( 5 ) : 293-300.
9Hamdy S, Rothwell JC, Aziz Q, et al .Organization and reorganization of human swallowing motor cortex : implications for recovery after stroke [ J ]. Clinical scienc, e, 2000,98 : 151 - 157.