宝华山野生早樱群落特征的初步研究

Preliminary study on the community characteristics of Cerasus subhirtella var.ascendens in Baohuashan Mountain

对江苏宝华山野生早樱群落的研究结果表明,在所调查的2 000 m2样地中,共有74种植物,隶属于37科57属;Raunkiaer的频度分析表明,该群落并不符合A>B>C>=<D<E频率定律,而表现出A>B>C>D>E,说明群落中种的分布不均匀且植被存在分化和演化的趋势;群落植物区系属的分布类型可分为10种,以温带性质居多、占57.14%,热带成分占39.29%,中国特有分布占3.57%,植物区系具有明显的北亚热带向暖温带的过渡性;野生早樱、毛竹和枫香为该群落的优势种群,其重要值分别为14.48%、13.38%和7.27%;种群年龄结构的立木级分析表明,野生早樱、枫香、盐肤木、黄连木等为衰退种群,而青冈栎、油茶、构骨、紫楠等明显表现为增长种群。野生早樱群落是一种不稳定的森林群落,多零星分布于路边或有人为干扰的次生林中。由于野生早樱群落内幼苗个体数量少,加之人为干扰和鸟害、虫害的破坏,其分布数量日益减少,很可能在群落中渐失或被其他优势种群所取代。因此,加快保护和开发利用野生早樱势在必行。

Cerasus subhirtella var.ascendens,which communities of Baohuashan mountain in Jiangsu province are studied,is the excellent ornamental resource.The results show that,in the 2 000 m2 quadrats,there are 74 species（including varieties）,which belong to 57 genera and 37 families.According to the Raunkiaer frequency law of ABC=DE to analyze,the species frequency is ABCDE,which illustrates the species are uneven distribution in the community and the vegetation has the tendency of differentiation and evolutionary.The genera of community flora can be divided into 10 distribution types,among which the temperate elements make up 57.14%,while the tropical elements make up 39.29%,and China endemic elements occupy 3.57%.The plant flora has evidently transitional characteristics from north subtropical zone to temperate zone.C.subhirtella var.ascendens,Phyllostachys edulis and Liquidambar fomosana are the dominant populations in the community,which important values are 14.48,13.38 and 7.27 respectively.The analysis of size class distribution indicates that C.subhirtella var.ascendens,L.fomosana,Pistacia chinensis are declining in the community,while Cyclobalanopsis glauca,Camellia oleifera,Ilex cornuta and Phoebe sheareri are inverse.The community of C.subhirtella var.ascendens,which distributes mainly in the roadside or the interference area,is the kind of unstable secondary forest.In addition to artificial disturbance,bird damage and insect pests,moreover,it is lack of seedings in the community,and the quantity of C.subhirtella var.ascendens is decreasing gradually.C.subhirtella var.ascendens may tend to be displaced by other dominant populations.Therefore,it is time to exploit and utilize of C.subhirtella var.ascendens.