复合四倍体彭泽鲫胚胎发育的研究

The embryonic development of the multiple tetroploid pengze crucian carp

分别用复合四倍体彭泽鲫的母本种彭泽鲫和父本种尖鳍鲤的精子与复合四倍体彭泽鲫的卵子授精,在N ikon体视显微镜下对它们的胚胎发育过程进行连续观察.描述了23个发育时期的主要形态特征,观察了不同水温条件对胚胎发育速率的影响,比较了复合四倍体彭泽鲫与异育彭泽鲫胚胎发育过程的异同.发现二者在受精卵的大小、受精后皮质颗粒、肌节对数、眼晶体形成时间、积温等方面都存在差异,复合四倍体彭泽鲫比异育彭泽鲫的胚胎发育历时要少.在上述研究的基础上,发现来自母本种和父本种的两种不同精子与复合四倍体彭泽鲫的卵子授精,得到的胚胎在发育过程中未表现出明显差异,暗示复合四倍体彭泽鲫的卵子在应答母本种和父本种精子时表现出相同的生殖方式,即雌核发育生殖方式.本研究的结果和结论与在人工复合四倍体异育银鲫中观察到的现象存在显著差异.

The multiple tetroploid pengze crucian carp was found in the offspring of allogynogenetic pengze crucian carp,and is considered to be very important in both theoretical and practical researches.In order to study the embryonic development and the reproductive mode of the multiple tetroploid pengze crucian carp,the eggs from the multiple tetroploid pengze crucian carp were stimulated by sperms from its maternal parent pengze crucian carp and paternal parent sea carp,respectively.Development of the two kinds of embryos were successively observed and described under Nikon microscope.The main morphological features and the development time of 23 embryonic developmental stages were described from fertilization to hatching.The influences on developmental speed by different water temperature were observed.The differences of embryonic development between the multiple tetroploid pengze crucian carp and the allogynogenetic pengze crucian carp were compared.Based on the above observation,we found that the embryo of multiple tetroploid pengze crucian carp,no matter came from the stimulation of maternal parent＇s sperm or paternal parent＇s sperm,showed no obvious differences.The results implied that the multiple tetroploid pengze crucian carp might reproduce by gynogenesis,no matter its egg responded to maternal parent＇s sperm or to paternal parent＇s sperm.This result and conclusion are essential different from the phenomena observed in the artificial tetroploid allogynogenetic silver crucian carp.