德国职业教育实训教学环节的优势分析及其对我国的启示

The Inspiration of the Practice Teaching in German Vocational Education

德国职业教育实训教学环节和我国职业教育相比较有明显优势,实训教学所占课时比例很大,学生动手能力很强,教学计划完善,教学任务由浅入深,循序渐进完成,能系统的完成技能教学任务。实训教学环节的师生比合理,实训教学设备与学生比例合理,实训教学环境的情景模拟真实。相比较我国职业教育存在的问题,实训教学课时量较少;实训教学的师资水平较差;实训教师严重不足;实训师生比过大;实训设备数量少;难以达到教学效果。建议加大实训设备投入,采用岗位轮班制,增加学生动手实践时间;建立双师型教师培养制度和激励制度;加强教学研究,制定科学可行的实训教学计划。

The practice teaching of German vocational education has obvious advantages over that of China＇s,for there are a larger proportion of practice teaching hours in Germany so that students are good at manipulation.With a perfect teaching plan,the teaching tasks and the skill-training tasks are designed from the easy to the complicated and are completed step by step systematically.In the practice teaching the ratio of the faculties to the students or the practice teaching equipment to the students is reasonable with a view to simulating a real environment.Comparatively there are problems in the practice teaching of China＇s vocational education,such as less teaching hours,poorer teaching quality,fewer practice teachers,higher ratio of faculties to the students,and insufficient practice teaching equipment,so it is difficult to achieve the teaching effect.It is suggested to increase investment in equipment,adopt post training shift,and add students＇ practice hours in hopes of establishing the training and incentive systems for double-professionally-titled teachers,strengthening the teaching research,and making the scientific and feasible practice teaching plan.