土壤中磷的形态及转化的探讨

Discussion on Phosphorus Forms and Transformation in Soil

研究磷在土壤中的存在规律、转化规律及其转化产物的有效性,可指导合理施肥和开发新的磷肥品种。土壤中磷的存在形态,一般分为无机态磷(水溶态、吸附态、矿物态)和有机态。作物主要是吸收无机态磷,其有效性随土壤pH值而变化。植物所需磷素的唯一来源是通过根系由土壤中吸收的。因此土壤的理化性状势必影响土壤磷的形态、有效性及供应潜力。土壤中各种形态的磷素,随土壤环境条件:pH值、有机质、水分、温度、矿物组成、可溶性阳离子性质、氧化还原状况的不同,进行着磷的固定或释放的转化和循环。

The study of the existing principle of phosphorus in soil,transformation rules and the effectiveness of its transformed products can give us a guidance in fertilizing and developing new phosphorus fertilizer.The forms of phosphorus in soil generally include inorganic phosphorus（water soluble phosphorus,absorbed phosphorus,mineral phosphorus） and organic phosphorus.Crops mainly absorb inorganic phosphorus,its effectiveness varies with soil pH values.The need for phosphorus of plant is mainly absorbed from soil through root,therefore,the physical properties of soil definitely affect phosphorus forms,its effectiveness and supplying potential.The fixation and release of phosphorus forms take place with different soil conditions,such as pH value,organic matter,soil moisture,soil temperature,mineral component,soluble cations property,redox situations.