墨玉县绿洲人工林景观格局分析及其生态效益

Landscape Pattern Analysis and Its Ecological Benefits in Oasis Plantation of Moyu County

采用墨玉县1990、2009年TM和2000年ETM多波段遥感影像,通过ERDAS与GIS空间分析功能,分析提取了墨玉县66.7hm2人工林区土地利用/覆盖信息,分析了人工林区各土地覆盖类型的数量变化和空间变化特征,使用Fragstats3.3对人工林的景观格局及景观指数进行了分析,并结合景观格局分析了绿洲人工林的生态效益,结果表明:墨玉县人工林研究区以沙漠、戈壁为主,约占总面积的70%,近20a土地覆盖类型变化很大,农田与水域面积有所减少;2000～2009年植被覆盖退化十分严重,主要是全球气候变化背景下降水格局的变化、人工林管理方式及开发政策的变化等因素;景观分离度、景观破碎化程度在近20a呈下降的趋势,景观板块形状越来越多样化,不利于管理;研究区水渠等水利设施的建设为人工林建设提供保障的同时也增大了水源的消耗,对生态系统稳定性不利;人工林具有防风、改善土壤、涵养水源、维持生物多样性和社会经济效益。

Using 1990,2009 TM and 2000 ETM remote sensing images,the land use information of oasis plantation and its changing catachrestic were analyzed by ERDAS and GIS,and the landscape pattern and landscape index were analyzed by FRAGSTATS,the results showed that： the study area mainly composed of desert and gobi desert which about 70% of the total area.In recent two decades,Land use style changed greatly,the area of farmland and water reduced.The main reason of Severe degradation of vegetation is changes in precipitation patterns by global climate changing,changes of oasis plantation management and development policy.In recent two decades,landscape isolation and landscape fragmentation show downward trend,and,landscape path shape diversified,it＇s not conducive to management.The construction of water facilities,such as canals,provide guarantee for the plantation development,but it increased water consumption and went against with ecosystem stability.The oasis plantation has ecological benefits,such as sand fixation,soil improvement,water conservation,biodiversity maintenance and social economic benefits.