经蝶窦垂体腺瘤手术中发生脑脊液漏的原因和防治

The causes and prevention and treatment of cerebrospinal fluid leak during transsphenoidal pituitary adenomas surgery

目的 探讨经蝶窦入路垂体腺瘤手术中发生脑脊液漏的常见原因及其防治方法.方法 回顾性分析260例显微镜下、274例神经内镜下经蝶窦垂体腺瘤切除术中,46例术中发生脑脊液漏,其中显微镜手术24例,神经内镜手术22例.术中多用人工干燥硬脑膜或自体脂肪及纤维蛋白胶修补,蝶窦内填明胶海绵,对于肿瘤体积巨大,鞍底骨质广泛破坏甚至消失者,用骨片填放于蝶窦内固定填塞的软组织.根据术中修补情况36例术后即刻行腰大池置管持续引流.结果 术中修补46例脑脊液漏,术后13例发生脑脊液漏,经腰大池引流3-6 d愈合;6例发生细菌性脑膜炎,经腰大池引流治愈.结论 术前应充分估计容易发生脑脊液漏的患者,手术操作格外小心,并准备好修补措施;应用自体脂肪及纤维蛋白胶修补经蝶窦垂体腺瘤术中脑脊液漏是有效的方法;如果术后发生脑脊液漏或细菌性脑膜炎,则需要腰大池置管持续引流.

Objective To analyze the causes and prevention and treatment of cerebrospinal fluid leak during transsphenoidal pituitary adenoma surgery.Methods Retrospective study of 260 cases of microscopic transsphenoidal surgery and 274 cases of endoscopic surgery for resection of the pituitary adenomas was performed.CSF leak occurred in 24 cases with microscopic surgery and in 22 cases with endoscopic surgery during operation.The sellar floors were sealed by artificial dried dura or free autogenic fat and fibrin glue for the CSF leakage during surgery.For giant tumors which extensively destroyed sella floor,we put bony plates in sphenoid sinus to support the crammed tissue.Lumber drainage was performed immediately after operation in 36 cases.Methods In the 46 patients with CSF leakage during surgery,13 cases occurred CSF leakage postoperatively,cured in 3-6 days after lumber drainage.6 patients occurred bacterial meningitis,cured after long term lumber drainage.Conclusion Probability of CSF leak before transsphenoidal surgery should be estimated,and preparation for the fixing up the leak is necessary.Using free autogenic fat and ebonite to repaired the sellar floors in case of CSF leakage during surgery is a effective measurement.Patients with CSF leakage or bacterial meningitis after surgery require lumber drainage.