语法差异的中西文化视角

Studies on grammar diversity from Chinese and Western cultural perspectives

由于汉语与欧洲语言具有很大的文化差异和不同的"精神面貌",早在20世纪上半叶,就不断有学者呼吁汉语语法研究走独立于英语语法的道路,真正的汉语语法应该以汉语不同于西方语言的特殊规律为主体,同时也反映人类语言的某些共同规律。从文化比较的角度看,汉语的思维、表达和语法与欧洲语言的基本对立表现为灵活与精确、综合与分析、具象与抽象、动态与静态的基本对立。

Because of the grand cultural differences and diverse ＂spiritual outlook＂ between Chinese language and European languages,the constant requests from famous scholars were made in the first half of 20 century that the research of Chinese grammar should be independent of that of English grammar,and the real Chinese grammar should be Chinese special rules oriented with some common rules shared by human languages.From the comparison of different cultural perspectives,the essential opposites in thinking,expression and grammar between Chinese language and European languages are as follows： 1）flexibility vs.accuracy;2）synthesis vs.analyticity;3）figural vs.Abstract;4）flowing vs.static.Chinese grammar structure features flexible and ploysemy understanding,axiomatic expression and statement to let things take their course.Chinese sentences have continuation construction and subjectivity pause,while European languages sentences have to the contrary extensity construction and objectivity pause.