媒体·视觉·性别——以清末民初天津画报女性生活为中心的考察

Media Vision Gender:A Case Study of Tianjin Pictorials on the Female's Lives during the Late Qing and Early Republic Era

清末民初石印画报在知识分子希图开启民智的诉求中应运而生,天津出版的《醒俗画报》、《人镜画报》针砭政治时弊、批判社会陋习,为处于失语状态的女性群体留下了被揣摩的映像,为分析女性的特质如何被符号式地定位在"传统"和"现代"框架之内提供样本。清末民初知识分子们既把女性纳入了培养国民之母的计划之内,又把女性"缺乏教养"视为"封建落后"的象征。对于清末民初知识分子有关女性生活批判应给予再批判。由于男性知识分子掌握了记录历史的权力,所以选取什么样的"新闻"视角,如何诠释历史事实,皆反映了他们的思维特征,与所处的时代认识水平密切相关。清末民初的男性知识分子将其所感受的国族困境投射在"她者"身上,通过对"她者"的批评树立起男性知识分子的社会形象。社会性别关系折射出深层的社会结构,深入地诠释了时代的变革话语。

The Pictorial of Custom Reification and Human Mirror Pictorial printed in Tianjin criticized political and social problems to meet the need of enlightenment movement with vivid pictures of voiceless women in the late Qing and early Republic China era.On one hand,the journalists brought women in to a national project-＂cultivating mothers of the nation＂.On the other hand,women＇s lack of education was deemed as the symptom of a feudalist nation lagging-behind others.Because the male elite intellectuals were holding the authority of recording history,their perspective of selecting news and their interpretations of historical facts reflected their thinking paradigm,which related to the mentality of that historical period.The male intellectuals＇ perception of the national crises was reflected on their viewpoints taking women＇s lives for ＂the otherness＂,and the critiques to women helped to build up male elites＇ social images of.Gender relations embodied the deeper social structure and demonstrated the discourses in the reforming times.