食品中黄曲霉毒素限量标准中的成本-效益分析

Cost-benefit analysis in setting up limitation standards of aflatoxins in foods

目的通过成本-效益分析,探讨建立保护中国人群健康的合理的食品中黄曲霉毒素限量标准。方法利用传统数学模型方法和暴露限值(MOE)方法评估花生及其制品、玉米、大米中不同膳食总黄曲霉毒素和黄曲霉毒素B1限量标准下的健康影响,同时计算各限量水平下的食品损失。结果花生及其制品、玉米中总黄曲霉毒素、黄曲霉毒素B1限量水平的改变对减少我国人群肝癌患病数的作用没有显著差别,但不同的限量水平却可导致显著不同的食品损失。大米中总黄曲霉毒素、黄曲霉毒素B1限量水平的改变对减少我国人群肝癌患病数的作用以及导致的食品损失有较显著的影响。结论花生及其制品中总黄曲霉毒素20μg/kg、黄曲霉毒素B1 15μg/kg;玉米中总黄曲霉毒素20μg/kg、黄曲霉毒素B1 15μg/kg;大米中总黄曲霉毒素10μg/kg、黄曲霉毒素B1 5μg/kg或10μg/kg的限量标准比较合适。

Objective To explore a reasonable limitation standard for aflatoxins in foods to protect the health of people in China with a cost-benefit analysis.Methods A traditional mathematical model and MOE（margin of exposure） method was used to assess the effect of different limiting standards on health for total aflatoxins and aflatoxin B1 in peanut,corn and rice,and the loss of foods under different limiting standard levels was also calculated.Results The change of limiting standards for total aflatoxins and aflatoxin B1 in peanut and corn might have no significant influence on reducing the prevalence of liver cancer in China,but the loss of foods was significantly different.The change of limiting standards for total aflatoxins and aflatoxin B1 inrice might have significant influence both on reducing liver cancer and losing foods.Conclusion The following limiting standards is advisable： 20 μg/kg for total aflatoxins and 15 μg/kg for Aflatoxin B1 in peanut and its products,20 μg/kg for total aflatoxins and 15 μg/kg for aflatoxin B1 in corn,10μg/kg for total aflatoxins and 5 μg/kg or 10 μg/kg for aflatoxin B1 in rice.