铁皮石斛花粉活力与种质创制研究

Pollen vigor and development of germplasm of Dendrobium officinale

目的:为铁皮石斛杂交育种与野生资源保护提供基础。方法:采用过氧化物酶法测定不同花期与不同贮藏条件的花粉活力;在温室大棚设施栽培条件下开展杂交、自交、自由授粉,野外昆虫辅助授粉。结果:铁皮石斛有活力花粉比例花蕾期为29.4%,开花当天为70.6%,开花后1周为31.9%,直至花谢花粉仍有活力;离体干燥条件下4℃贮藏20 d后有活力花粉比例仍有21.2%;人工授粉杂交结实率达82.6%,自交结实率7.3%;野外昆虫辅助授粉与温室大棚设施栽培条件下自由授粉结实率均为0。结论:铁皮石斛花粉在整个花期均有活力,石斛花构造的特殊性导致自由授粉与野外昆虫辅助授粉均结实困难,人工杂交授粉是铁皮石斛野生资源的保护与种质创制的有效途径。

Objective： To provide the theoretical basis and applied technology for breeding superior species of Dendrobium officinale. Method： The peroxidase solution was used to test the pollen vigor in different flowering time and storage conditions. Cross, self and opening pollination were conducted in the green house, the subsidiary pollination by insects was carried out outdoors. Result： The pollen of D. officinale was still in vigor when the flower faded. The pollen vigor was only 29.4%in the buds, 70. 6% in the bloom day, and decreased to 31.9% a week later, it remained still 21.2% 20 days later under the condition of dry and 4 ℃. The fructification rate was about 82.6% and 7.3% , respectively, when the cross and self pollination performed by hand in the whole flowering time, the rate was 0 in the green house and outdoors. Conclusion： The pollen of D.offtcinale was still in vigor during the whole flowering time, the fructification rate was 0 in the green house and outdoors resulted from the specific structure of flower. The wild resources of D. officinale were protected and germplasm was developed effectively through the artificial cross pollination.