河北山前平原区农户小麦生产制约因素的调查分析

Investigation of Major Constraint Factors of Wheat Yield Coordinate Increasing in Hebei Plain

为给农户间小麦种植均衡增产提供依据,对影响河北山前平原区小麦增产的多个因素进行了跟踪调查分析。结果表明,要想实现农户间小麦均衡增产,首先要选择适合当地的稳产抗冻品种;其次是必须提高整地播种质量。小麦产量构成中穗数对产量影响最大,整地播种质量的好坏直接影响到小麦的出苗率,进而影响到穗数;在土壤性状方面,土壤有机质及速效磷含量对产量的影响最大,有机质及速效磷含量都高时,小麦能取得较高产量;农户现有的施肥量对产量差异没有直接影响。

Wheat is an important food crop in China.The present wheat production with low total yield should be improved by narrow the difference among farmer＇s wheat productions.A farmer＇s inquiry was conducted to analyze the key factors influencing the grain yield of wheat in Hebei plain.The results showed that firstly the suitable varieties with high frost resistance and stable yield should be chosen.Secondly the soil preperation and sowing quality should be improved because grain yield of wheat was closely related to spike number.Good soil preperation and sowing quality influenced germination percentage related to spike number.Wheat yield increased under the high content of organic matter and Olsen P in soil.Wheat yield difference was not due to the fertilizer rate of farmer.