用新隐性ph基因向小麦转移Aegilops variabilis Eig遗传物质

Genetic Transfer from Aegilops Variabilis Eig to Wheat Via A New Recessive ph Gene

小麦地方品种“开县罗汉麦”（ 简称ＫＬ） 具有新隐性ｐｈ 基因，且远缘杂交亲和性和胚培出苗率高。本研究用它与Ａｅ．ｖａｒｉａｂｉｌｉｓ 杂交获杂种Ｆ１ ，并自交获得Ｆ２ 、Ｆ３ ，并用推广品种回交获得Ｆ１ＢＣ１ 、Ｆ２ＢＣ１ 。在Ｆ２ 群体中，有２ 株植株的分蘖分别高达８８ 个、６７ 个，极显著高于一般小麦品种。多分蘖可节省用种量，可能在小麦育种、特别是杂交小麦育种中有用途。同时，Ａｅ．ｖａｒｉａｂｉｌｉｓ 的白粉、条锈病抗性能在Ｆ１ 、Ｆ２ 的遗传背景中完全表达，这表明利用Ａｅ．ｖａｒｉａｂｉｌｉｓ 的抗病性是可行的；此外，发现一些彼此不相连锁的来自Ａｅ．ｖａｒｉａｂｉｌｉｓ 的易于识别的形态标记性状，这有助于将Ａｅ．ｖａｒｉａｂｉｌｉｓ

Bread wheat cv. Kaixianluohanmai (abbr.KL) has been used as a ‘bridge’ of genetic transfer due to its new recessive ph gene, high crossability and capability of rescue culture. After selfing and backcrossing, the populations of F 2, F 3, F 1BC 1 and F 2BC 1 are got from the combinants of ‘KL×Ae.variabilis’ and ‘(KL×CS ph1b)×Ae.variabilis’. In F 2, 2 plants show multipe tillers as many as 88 and 67, respectively. Multipe tillers may be useful for wheat breeding, especially for hybrid wheat breeding. Meanwhile, resistance to powdery mildew and stripe rust derived from Ae.variabilis is totally expressed in F 1 and F 2 adult plants, indicating the usefulness for wheat improvement. Moreover, Ae.variabilis have some phenotypic markers, and most of them do not link each other, which are helpful for genetic transfer from Ae.variabilis to wheat.