应急补碘后拜城和乌什县孕妇及哺乳期妇女碘营养现状调查

Iodine Nutritional Status among Pregnant and Nursing Women Living in Baicheng and Wushi County,Xinjiang after Implementation of Emergency Iodine Supplementation Program

目的评估新疆阿克苏地区自2007年实施应急补碘措施2年后孕妇及哺乳期妇女碘营养现状,为碘缺乏病防治工作提供依据。方法 2008—2009年间在拜城和乌什两县碘缺乏病区抽样调查了869名孕妇(占同期孕妇的73.4%)及302名哺乳期妇女,采集其一次随意尿样,并入户采集盐样和饮用水样。盐碘的测定采用直接滴定法,尿碘和水碘测定采用过硫酸铵消化-砷铈催化分光光度测定法。结果两县水碘中位数为2.24μg/L,范围为1.12～4.81μg/L。合格碘盐食用率为98.4%。拜城和乌什县孕妇尿碘中位数分别为164.66、187.02μg/L,其中察尔齐、大桥和托克逊乡孕妇分别为125.54、144.15和77.60μg/L。拜城和乌什县哺乳期妇女尿碘中位数分别为299.84、271.37μg/L。随着妊娠的发展,孕妇尿碘水平逐渐下降,但差别无统计学意义。结论两县孕妇和哺乳期妇女的碘营养得到明显改善,目前的应急措施尚需维持,但同时要加强监测。

Objective To evaluate iodine nutritional status of pregnant and nursing women in Baicheng and Wushi county of Aksu after two years of emergency iodine supplementation program implemented （ iodized oil capsules and free iodized salt） against iodine deficiency disorders. Methods From 2008 to 2009, total of 869 pregnant women aged 18-35 years which covered 73.4% at the same period were selected at 9 townships in Baicheng and Wushi county. And total of 302 nursing women aged 12.7 feeding months were sampled. Urinary specimens of them, total of 127 household salt specimens and 116 drinking water specimens （including well, tap and river water） were collected. Results The average iodine concentration in drinking water was 2.24 μg/L, ranged from 1.12 to 4.81 μg/L. The proportion of quality household iodized salt was 98.4%. The median urinary iodine among pregnant women was 164.66 μg/L and 187.02 μg/L respectively in Baieheng and Wushi county. The medians of urinary iodine in Chaerqi, Daqiao and Tuokexun townships were 125.5, 4 μg/L, 144.15 μg/L and 77.60 μg/L respectively .From the fist to the third trimester, the levels of median urinary iodine among pregnant women decreased eventually. The medians of group urinary iodine of nursing women were 299.84 μg/L and 271.37 μg/L in Baieheng and Wushi respectively. Conclusion The status of iodine nutrition among the pregnant and nursing women has been improved obviously in the investigated area, the emergency iodine supplementation program should be conducted further and periodic evaluation and monitoring will be necessary.