工业化进程中的美国为什么没有社会主义——一个“阶层分化与政治整合”的分析框架

Why Was There No Socialism in The Process of Industrialization in The United States——A Framework of "Social Strata Differentiation and Political Integration"

工人阶级队伍的壮大和社会鸿沟的扩大,是美国工业化进程的事实。但是,美国在工业化进程中并未发生大规模的社会主义革命。从阶级分化和政治整合的视角来看,可以找到两个重要原因:第一,由于西进运动和工业革命的推动,美国工人阶级主体地位的形成和阶级矛盾的激化被推迟了;第二,美国对分化的社会采取了"低度而消极"的整合策略,其社会矛盾很大程度上借由社会力量"自我降解"了。这种整合策略虽然"应付了"工业化的阶级矛盾,但是对于工业时代的社会危机则显得"捉襟见肘",必须进行改革。

The growth of the working class and the expansion of the social gap is the fact in the process of the United States＇ industrialization.However,no large-scale socialist revolution occurred there.From the prospective of ＂social strata differentiation and political integration＂,this paper tried to find two answers for this question.Firstly,as the expansion of industrial revolution and the continued Westward Movement in the U.S.,the time for the formation of a dominant working class and the intensification of class contradictions has been delayed;Secondly,facing the divided society,the state adopted a ＂low and negative＂ integration strategy,in which the social conflicts have been constricted by the social forces＇＂self-degradation＂.Although this integration model dealt with the contradictions of the industrialization time,it could not resolve the social problems without reform in later century.