基层医院334例药品不良反应分析

Analysis of 334 ADR Reports in Primary Hospital

目的了解本院以及本地区乡镇卫生院的药品不良反应(ADR)发生情况及规律,并分析原因,促进临床合理用药。方法对本院2008-03～2010-07上报的ADR报告分别就患者性别、年龄、不良反应类型、药品种类、严重程度分级等进行回顾性分析。结果在334例ADR中,男性患者发生概率较大(172例,占51.50%);60 y以上(86例,占25.75%)老年人及0～10 y(54例,占16.17%)婴幼儿居多;给药途径以静脉滴注(297例,占86.34%)和口服给药(28例,占8.14%)为主;用药方式多为单一用药(249例,74.55%);抗感染类药物所占比例最多,占54.13%;ADR临床表现以皮肤及其附件损害最常见。引起ADR例数前3位的药物分别为左氧氟沙星注射剂、克林霉素注射剂、注射用头孢他啶;ADR严重程度分级多为一般,结果多为治愈或好转。结论应重视ADR监测工作,加强对患者用药过程观察,保证患者用药安全、合理,减少ADR的发生。

Objective To investigate the general circumstances and patterns of adverse drug reactions （ADRs）, and to analyze the causes, so as to improve rational drug usage in clinic. Methods The 334 adverse drug reaction （ADR） cases reported in our hospital from March 2008 to July 2010 were retrospectively analyzed with respect to patients＇gender and age, type of ADR, category of drug, and the severity of ADR. Results Of the 334 ADR cases, more occurred in males （172 cases, 51.50%）, and in patients aged 60 and older （86 cases, 25.75%） and 0 -10 y （54 cases, 16. 17% ） , mainly administrated by intravenous drip（297 cases,86.34% ） and oral administration（28 cases, 8.14% ）. Most of ADR cases were induced by single drug application （249 cases, 74.55% ）. Anti-infectious drugs were the most common drug that caused ADR, accounting for 54. 13% of all cases. Lesions of skin and its appendants were the main clinical manifestations. Leading the list in terms of incidence rate of ADRs were Levofloxacin, clindamycin, and ceftazidime. The severity of ADR was not critical, most were cured or got better. Conclusion More emphasis should be given to the monitoring of ADRs. Observation during drug application should be strengthened to ensure safe and rational drug usage in order to reduce or avoid the occurrence of ADRs.