人工湿地处理农村生活污水研究与应用进展

Research and application progress of rural domestic wastewater treatment with constructed wetlands

结合农村生活污水特点,分析人工湿地的去污机理以及存在问题,并对其进行技术经济分析,介绍人工湿地在国内外农村的应用情况。结果表明：技术上,人工湿地对有机物去除率较高,可达60%~99%,采用系统完善、组合湿地、联合其他工艺等改进方法后,人工湿地对氮磷有很好的去除效果;经济上,人工湿地投资运行费用远远低于传统工艺,经济可行性好。指出虽然人工湿地存在气温影响、系统堵塞、植物选择等问题,但作为一种在国外农村地区广泛成功应用的处理工艺,在我国农村具有很强的推广意义。

In consideration of the characteristics of rural domestic wastewater,the removal mechanism and existing problems of constructed wetlands were analyzed.A technical and economic analysis was conducted,and the present application of constructed wetlands in rural areas of the world was summarized.The results indicated that,technically,constructed wetlands had high removal efficiencies for organics,from 60 to 99%.With system improvement,combined constructed wetlands,and other combined techniques,the constructed wetlands also showed high removal efficiencies for nitrogen and phosphorous.According to the economic analysis,the capital cost and operation cost of constructed wetlands were much less than that of traditional treatment,and economically feasible.Although constructed wetlands had some problems,such as influence of temperature,wetland plants selection and clogging,the promotion of constructed wetlands in Chinese rural areas was significant as a widely used successful treatment technique in foreign rural areas.