高邮市蔬菜产地土壤重金属含量分析及土壤环境评价

Analysis and Evaluation of Heavy Metal Control of Vegetable Producing Area in Gaoyou City

[目的]评价高邮市蔬菜产地重金属的污染程度。[方法]以高邮市8个乡镇的主要蔬菜产地作为土样采集点,分析测定土壤中重金属汞、砷、铅、镉、铬和铜含量,并根据《无公害食品蔬菜产地环境条件标准》、《绿色食品产地环境质量标准》和高邮市土壤重金属背景值对检测结果进行单项污染指数和综合污染指数评价。[结果]依据无公害农产品产地环境质量标准,高邮市8个乡镇土壤单项污染指数和综合污染指数均小于1,完全符合无公害食品蔬菜产地环境的要求;依据绿色食品产地环境质量标准,个别蔬菜产地有2个重金属含量单项污染指数超标,其他重金属含量未超标,表明高邮市绝大多数蔬菜产地适宜发展AA级绿色食品;与1990年高邮市土壤背景值对比结果表明,土壤镉、铬、砷、铅、铜等均有一定程度增加。[结论]高邮市蔬菜产地的土壤环境质量基本满足蔬菜安全生产的条件。

[Objective] The aim was to evaluate the pollution level of heavy metals of vegetable producing area in Gaoyou city. [Method] With soil of vegetable producing areas of eight towns in Gaoyou city as sample, the contents of Hg, As, Pb, Cd, Cr and Cu in soil samples were determined. According to Non -polluted Vegetable Producing Environmental Condition Standard, Green Food Producing Environmental Quality Standard and background values of soil heavy metals in Gaoyou city, the classification and the assessment of the single pollution index and comprehensive pollution index were done to detect the results. [Result] According to Non-polluted Vegetable Producing Environmental Condition Standard, both the single index and the synthetic index of the soil pollution of vegetable producing areas of eight towns in Gaoyou city were less than 1, indicating that they met the requirements of soil enviromnent for producing pollution-free food. According to Green Food Producing Environmental Quality Standard, single pollution index of two heavy metals of individual vegetable producing areas exceeded standard and other heavy metal contents did not exceed standard, which showed that most vegetables producing areas were suitable to be developed as AA level green food base. The results of that compared with background values of soil heavy metals in Gaoyou city at 1990 showed that the contents of Hg, As, Pb, Cd, Cr and Cu had a certain degree increase. [Conclusion] The soil environmental quality of Gaoyou city met the requirement of vegetable safety production.