克拉玛依地区北美海棠的引种栽培及推广应用研究

Study on Introduction,Cultivation and Application of North American Begonia in Karamay Area

[目的]筛选适宜克拉玛依地区种植的北美海棠品种。[方法]从北京植物园种苗中心引进的6个北美海棠品种,于2004年4月―2007年11月在三圃基地内种植,观察各品种的生物学和物候学特征、耐寒、耐热、耐旱、耐荫性、抗病性及繁育方式,并进行推广示范试验。[结果]引种的6个北美海棠品种在克拉玛依气候土壤条件下均能正常生长、发育、开花、结果;钻石、雪球、绚丽、凯尔斯和霍巴5个北美海棠品种表现出较强的抗寒、耐热、耐旱和抗病性,但草莓果冻海棠在耐寒、耐热和抗病性方面表现不佳,不适宜在克拉玛依地区推广种植。[结论]除草莓果冻海棠,其他5个引种北美海棠品种均具有很高的观赏和推广应用价值。

[Objective] Screen the suitable varieties of north American begonia in Karamay area. [Method] Six varieties of north American begonia introduced from Beijing botanical garden seedlings center were planted in three nursery base from April 2004 to November 2007. The biological and phenological characteristics, the tolerance to cold, heat, drought, shade as well as disease and the propagation way were observed. And popularization tests were carried out. [Result] Six introduced varieties of north American begonia all could normal growth, development, flowering and results under the climate and soil conditions of karamay area. Five varieties of Sparkler, Snowdrift, Radiant, Kelsey and Hope all showed the strong resistance to cold, heat, drought and disease, while Strawberry Parfait showed the poor performance on the resistance to cold and heat, which not suitable to promote planting in karamay area. [Conclusion] Except Strawberry Parfait, the other five introduced varieties of north American begonia has a high value of ornament, popularization and application.