中国主要油料作物及食用植物油产业变动特征

Analysis of Change Characteristics in Chinese Main Oil Crops and Edible Vegetable Oil Industry

随着国民经济的发展和城市化进程的加速,中国近几年油料和食用植物油进口呈快速增长趋势,食用植物油进口依存度达到60%,国内粮油安全受到威胁。分析得知,近10a,国内大豆、花生、油菜籽和棉籽的产量增加并不明显,4种油料年均产量为5000万t,即便全部压榨为食用油,也不能满足国内植物油的需求。2000—2009年,中国油料种植面积在1150万～1600万hm2之间波动,总体呈递减趋势,依靠扩大传统油料种植面积提高食用油自给率的空间十分有限。1990—2009年,中国食用植物油产量和人均植物油消费增加了近3倍,但与发达国家相比仍有差距;2006年美国和欧盟人均食用植物油相当于2009年中国人均食用植物油的1.80倍和1.95倍。国内城镇居民人均年消费植物油量比同时期农村居民人均消费量高。中国植物油价格的年平均增长率为6.04%,低于中国GDP(8%)的增长率。我国食用植物油产业主要以油籽进口为主,植物油次之,中国油料和食用植物油进口仍将持续增长,对外依存度将越来越高,特别是转基因大豆油的进口将会对国内食用植物油安全带来巨大挑战。

Along with the development of national economy and acceleration of urbanization drive, there is a trend of rapid growth in the import of oil over years. The interdependency of edible vegetable oil reached 60% and the civil safety of grain and oil has been threatened. Concernning analysis showed that the increasement in production of soybean, peanuts, tea seed oil and cotton seeds isn＇ t distinct and their mean yearly output was 5 000 000 ton. Even if they were squeezed into cooking oil, demand for the deomestic plant oil was hard to be met. The cultivated land area of Chinese oil fluctuated between 11 500 000 hectare and 16 000 000 hectare from 2000 to 2009, which showed a trend of degression due to improvement in self-sufficiency degree of edible vegetable oil through extending the cultivated areas of traditional oil was rather limited. Though the yield of chinese cooking oil and edible vegetable oil per capita increased fourtold from 1990 to 2009, there still was distance between that for the developed countries.The quantity of American and Eurpean cooking plant oil per capita in 2006 was 1.8 times and 1.95 times as much as that of chinese cooking plant oil in 2009. The yearly consuming quantity of edible vegetable oil per capita internal inhabitants of towns was greater than thai of rural ares contemporarily. The average annual growth rate in the price of chinese plant oil was up to 6.04 percent,which was 8 percent lower than GDP gruwth rate in China. The edible vegetable oil in China imports is mainly oil seeds and plant oil secondly. There will still be sustaining growth in the import of chinese oils ＆ oil seeds and the external dependence will become higer and higer. It brings huge challenge to the security of civil edible oil.