氮肥和钾肥对保护地黄瓜矿质养分及品质的影响

Effects of Nitrogen and Potassium Application to the Mineral Nutrition and Quality of Cucumber Cultivated in Sheltered Area

采用不同氮水平和钾水平处理,研究了保护地黄瓜生育期内干物质积累规律、矿质养分吸收规律,以及不同施肥处理对黄瓜产量、品质及其环境的影响。结果表明,黄瓜生育期内干物质和矿质养分的积累为慢—快—慢过程,即定植—初瓜期为缓慢积累阶段,初瓜期—盛瓜期为快速积累阶段,高峰出现在盛瓜期,随后到拉秧期积累逐渐减弱。试验还表明,在试验条件下,与传统施肥处理相比,减少氮的用量,黄瓜产量会降低,但N2(900kg/hm2)处理与传统施肥(2100kg/hm2)处理之间差异不明显;减少钾的用量,黄瓜产量同样会降低,但K3(1000kg/hm2)处理与传统施肥(1250kg/hm2)处理之间差异不明显;N2处理和K3处理与传统施肥处理相比,均可提高果实中Vc含量和有效酸度(pH值)。

An experiment was conducted to determinate the regularity of dry matter and mineral nutrition accumulation in growth period of cucumber and the effect of different nitrogen and potassium to yield, quality and its growth environment. The result showed that the accumulation of dry matter and mineral nutrition in the growth period of cucumber underwent the process of slow-fast-slow. It was also found that, compared with the traditional fertilizer treatment, yield of cucumber decreased with the reduction of nitrogen and potassium fertilizer. But the treatment N of 900 kg/hm2 and K of 1 000kg/hm2 were not different from the traditional fertilization and they could increase Vc content and active acidity （ pH ）.