陕北枣林土壤动物群落的结构与组成

Community structure and composition of soil fauna at jujube forest in Northern Region of Shaanxi

目的为深入研究土壤动物对土壤变化的指示作用提供科学基础资料,并指导枣林健康及其害虫的生态调控。方法选取延安万花山、延川县、清涧县、佳县4个样点7个样地,于2007年3月、6月9、月1、1月对陕北枣林土壤动物进行调查,通过手拣方法、干漏斗法和湿漏斗法采集和分离土壤动物。结果获得4 029只土壤动物,隶属于4门8纲22目,其中鞘翅目幼虫6科,鞘翅目成虫16科。弹尾目和蜱螨目为优势类群;膜翅目、鞘翅目成虫、蜘蛛目、柄眼目、鞘翅目幼虫、双翅目幼虫为常见类群。结论陕北枣林土壤动物优势类群和常见类群大多是小型土壤昆虫,此类群构成了枣林土壤动物的基本成分;陕北枣林土壤动物多样性的垂直分布表现出明显的地下垂直结构的异相性,同时土壤动物在土壤中的分布具有表聚性,且个体数量的表聚性强于类群数的表聚性。

Aim To provide a scientific foundation material for the futher research on indicative function of soil fauna′s effort on soil quality changes,and give guidance on ecological regulation of jujube forest in terms of its health and pest control.Methods The macro-soil-fauna were mainly acquired by hand-sorting.The dry funnel and wet funnel were separately used for separating and extracting meso-micro soil fauna,at 4 sample points and plots in Yan′an city,Wanhua Mountain,Yanchuan County,Qinqjian County,Jiaxian County in March,June,September and Novevember in the year 2007.Results 4029 soil animals which have been identified belong to 4 phylum,8 class,21 order.Among the identified soil fauna,there are 6 families Coleoptera larvae and 16 families Coleoptera adults.The dominant groups were Collembola and Acarina,and the common groups were Hymenoptera,Coleoptera（Adult）,Araneae,Styommatophora,Coleoptera（Larva）,Diptera（Larva）.Conclusion The dominant groups and common groups of soil fauna in jujube forest of Northern Region of Shaanxi are mostly micro-soil-insects,which are the fundamental component of soil fauna in jujube forest.The vertical distribution of soil fauna diversity of jujube forest in Northern Region of Shaanxi shows obvious difference of vertical underground structure.The distribution of soil fauna in soil is of surface aggregation.Furthermore,the surface aggregation of individual quantity is stronger than that of group quantity.