高架式轻轨车站人员疏散仿真分析

Analysis of personnel evacuation simulation at an elevated light railway station

为研究轻轨车站内人员安全疏散过程,制定车站人员疏散方案及优化建筑设计,进一步完善以功能单元为基础的精细网格区域疏散模型与疏散仿真软件。把楼梯视为一个独立的空间单元,将其划分成精细网格,进行网格疏散;加入人员移动余值的概念,使人员运动的连续性与网格模型的个体化优势结合起来。针对重庆市高架式轻轨车站特点进行实地调研,通过问卷调查及现场观测得到了轻轨乘客的一般特性参数及对火灾的反应特性,测试不同类型人员正常行走速度与经验推荐值基本相同。采用改进的区域网格疏散仿真程序对轻轨车站进行了人员疏散仿真研究,将疏散仿真结果与实地观测结果进行了对比,仿真计算与实测的疏散时间基本一致,验证了程序的正确性。

To study the process of personnel evacuation at light railway stations,make the personnel evacuation plan and optimize the architectural design,the simulation model and program of personnel evacuation are improved.The stair is treated as a separate space unit and a residual value is used to gather the advantages of grid model and the continuity of occupant＇s movement.Through questionnaire surveys and field observations at elevated light railway stations in Chongqing,the passengers＇ personal parameters and the response characteristics to fire are obtained.The tested movement speed of people agrees to the empirical data.The process of personnel evacuation and the location of each person at any time are demonstrated dynamically by using the computer-programming Zone Grid Evacuation Simulation Software（ZGESS） on the platform of MATLAB.Meanwhile,the total evacuation time is calculated by the program,and it is the same with the data of observation approximately.