从《诗经》看仪式中的巫、尸角色

The Roles of Wizard and Shi in the Rites in Book of Songs

巫、尸是古代祭祀仪式中的重要角色,他们的表演构成了仪式的主要内容。《诗经》中除了祭祀诗之外,其他一些描写盛会、舞蹈场面的诗歌也间接反映了巫、尸表演的仪式过程。传统的巫的职能在《诗经》中呈现出隐形化特征,巫术仪式也民俗化为歌舞欢会的形式;祝作为巫的一类,其职能相较于传统意义的"巫",有所区别,其祝辞表达已呈现出礼制化特点。与之相比,尸在仪式中的职能得以较为充分地展现,祭祖敬尸显然已成为礼制文化的一部分。由此可窥见《诗经》时代原始宗教的巫术文化向政教制度下礼制文化的递嬗。

Wizards and Shi are the important roles of ancient sacrificial rituals, and they constitute the main contents of the rites. Besides sacrifice poems, the description of event and dance poetries reflects the wizard and Shi＇ s performance of the ceremony indirectly. The traditional wizard functions in Book of Songs present invisible, and the folk dancing into witchcraft ceremony is formed; Zhu, as compared with the traditional sense of wizard functions, its expression has presented the remarks of etiquette. In contrast, the role of Shi has become a clearly part of the culture in a ceremony. The wizard culture of primitive relic, ion has changed into the etiquette culture in the time of Book of Songs.