论张岱年早期的新道德观

On the New Morality of Zhang Dainian in His Early Period

早在20世纪三四十年代,张岱年先生就提出了"适应新时代的需要必须建立新道德"的论断。新道德观的基本原则是"理生合一"、"与群为一"、"义命合一"及"动的天人合一";新道德观的基本规范是"六达德"即"公忠、任恤、信诚、谦让、廉立、勇毅"和"六基德"即"孝亲、慈幼、勤劳、节俭、爱护公物、知耻";新道德观的最高纲领为"新三纲说",最高境界是"兼善天下,而以人群为一体"。张岱年的新道德观立足于现实生活,是对以儒家伦理为主体的传统道德批判的继承与创造性超越。

As early as in the 1920-1930s,Zhang Dainian proposed a presumption that ＂A new morality needs to be rebuilt for adapting to the new era＂.The basic principles of the new morality consist of ＂Oneness of Li and Sheng（ethic and life）,＂integrating oneself with Qun（the people/the country/the society） ,＂Oneness of Yi and Ming（idealism and realism）＂ and ＂Oneness of Tian and Ren（integrating man into nature via the practice）＂.The basic norms of the new morality include Liu Da De（six social morals）：loyalty,sympathy,honor,humility,frugality and bravery,and Liu Ji De（six daily behavior standards and criteria）：finicality,maitri,diligence,austerity,public property-care,and shame.The new morality takes the new Sangang（three principles）as its utmost basics.And its utmost goals are to benefit and be integrated into all the people.Historical evaluation of the new morality is as follows：A revolutionary and progressive morality,a critical inheritance and creative transcendence of traditional morality,and a theoretical basis of the new socialist morality.