生态足迹分析方法在西安市客运交通中的应用

Application of the componential method for ecological footprint calculation of public transportation in Xi′an

针对不同交通工具对城市客运交通环境影响,本文基于生态足迹理论和方法,分别对西安市客运交通生态足迹、生态效率与环境压力指数进行定量分析,探讨不同类型的交通工具在城市客运交通压力所占比例组成,揭示西安交通生态足迹的供需关系状况.结果表明,西安2007年交通生态总足迹为7.0×104hm2,其中,私家小轿车生态足迹为交通总足迹的56%,在交通足迹中影响最大;从城市交通生态效率看,公共汽车最高,为1.39×104人次.hm-2,私家小轿车最低,为570人次.hm-2;从城市交通环境压力指数看,私家小轿车最高,为17.4,公共汽车最低,为0.72.优化交通车辆结构,提高公共交通所占比例,适当限制私人小汽车使用量是城市交通持续发展的必然选择.

With an awareness of the pressure to the environment from various vehicles,a research on ecological footprint,ecological efficiency,and environmental pressure to the public transportation in Xi′an,is conducted.The results show that the ecological footprint of the public transportation in Xi′an in 2007 was 7.0×104hm2,among which,the ecological footprint of private cars occupied 56% of the total traffic footprint,with the greatest influence on the traffic footprint.From the viewpoint of ecological efficiency of urban traffic,buses may be the largest one（1·39×104 person-time·hm-2）,while private cars are the lowest one（750 person-time·hm-2）.As for the environmental pressure index of urban traffic,it is the highest（17.4） for cars and the lowest（0·72） for buses.To improve the efficiency of urban traffic as well as to reduce the environmental impact of pollution discharge in Xi′an,the ecological footprint of cars should be reduced,and the ecological efficiency as well as the proper proportion of public transportation should be improved.Meanwhile the structure of various vehicles should be optimized so as to promote the integral improvement of the ecological efficiency of urban motor vehicles in Xi′an.Therefore,it is necessary to encourage the development of public transportation preferentially and restrict the private cars with reasonable regulations so that a sustainable development for public transportation in Xi′an can be achieved.