论行政命令的出罪功能

On Non-crime Function of the Administrative Order

在我国刑法中,行政命令作为犯罪构成要件要素存在是不争的事实。该部分犯罪的认定不仅要结合刑法的规定,还要参见行政法的相关规定或者行政机关的行政决定。行政命令出罪功能的考察不仅要从形式上进行,还要从实质上考量。基于此,拒绝执行行政命令不能免除行政相对人的刑事责任;公务人员明知上级命令明显违法而执行的,也不能免除刑事责任;违法的行政规章在特定条件下可以免除执行者的刑事责任;司法机关不能在判决书中直接否定抽象行政命令的法律效力。

In China criminal law,that the administrative order is the crime constitution essential factor is the fact without any dispute.The crime recognization must unify not only the stipulation of the criminal law,but also consult the related stipulation of the administrative law or the administrative organ＇s managerial decision.The non-crime function of the administrative order need not only inspection from the form,but also from the practice.Based on this,refusing to carry out the administrative order does not avoid the administrative relative person＇s legal responsibility;the government workers know perfectly well that the orders is illegal and still carry out obviously,also cannot avoid the legal responsibility;the illegal administrative regulations may avoid performer＇s legal responsibility under the special condition;the judicial organ cannot deny directly legal effect of the administrative order in the written judgment.