吉林省历史森林大火与环境气候背景的研究

On the Forest Fire and Environmental Climate Background in History of Jilin Province

根据吉林省１９７０～１９９７年过火面积超过１００ｈｍ２的火灾个例统计计算，结果表明：①吉林省森林大火主要发生在春季的４，５月和秋季的９月末到１０月中旬，地区主要在延边州的中西部和白山市的东部；②大火的发生与当月当地环境气候的关系是，降水量明显偏少、气温较高、风速较大，但３月的大火主要是气温特殊偏高造成的；③春、秋大火与前期（１２～３月，６～９月）的旱涝指数Ｚ、降水量距平Δｄ、气温距平Δｔ的关系密切．当Ｚ为“－”、Δｄ为“－”、Δｔ为“＋”，即前期连续干旱少雨高温时，未来春、秋季发生大火的可能性最大；若前期连续干旱少雨高温长达６个月，未来可能大火蜂起，因此，遇有这种年份必须立足于预防重大森林火灾的发生．

According to the examples of fire area over 100hm2 from 1970 to 1997,the results showed:Forest fire in Jilin Province occurred in Apr.,May,period of at the end of Sep.to Oct.Region:middlewest of Yanbian,east of Baishan;Relation between fire and local environment climate is as followed:higher temperature,wind speed,less precipitation amount,the reason fire occurred in March was that temperature was higher;Fire occurred in Spring and Autumn is concerned in the drought index Z,difference to average precipitation amount d,t.When Z was -,d was -,t was +,that is,if former period continued drought and high temperature,it's possible to occur fire in Autumn;So forest fire must be controled in these years.