数学模型在医院病床配置中的应用

Application of Mathematical Model to the Allocation of the Hospital Sickbeds

目的:通过建立数学模型确定医院病床配置的有效方案,缩短患者等候住院的时间,提高医院科室病床的利用率。方法:以眼科病人为例,对在一段时间内各类门诊病人和住院病人数据进行统计分析,发现用泊松分布能较好的模拟了病人出入医院的动态的情况,对病人的逗留时间进行建模,用Matlab编程求解所建函数其最小值,从而得到眼科病床配置的优化方案。结果:模型确定方案可以使病人逗留时间平均缩短1.4天。结论:此模型的病床配置方案比医院目前采用的FCFS(first come first serve)的方案更优化,能更有效地利用医院有限的资源。

The objective of this paper is to give an effective scheme to allocate the hospital sickbeds so as to shorten the waiting time for sickbeds in hospital for patients and to improve the using efficiency of sickbeds. A statistical analysis was first performed for the ophthalmic patients in a hospital. It was found that the Poisson distribution can simulate the dynamic population of patients very well. A mathematical model was established to describe the hospitalization time of patients. The optimized scheme of sickbed allocation was obtained by minimizing the hospitalization time of patients. The result demonstrates that the average hospitalization time could be shortened 1.4 days. Therefore, we can conclude that this mathematical model is more efficient than the common FCFS （first come first serve） scheme, and it can make the best of the limited resource in hospital.