双任务环境下情绪唤醒对记忆影响的实验研究

The Impacts of Emotional Arousal on Memory under a Dual-Task Environment

本研究的目的为分析记忆和计算的双任务环境下情绪唤醒对人记忆的影响作用。被试被要求在微机上尽力完成计算任务的同时,倾听中性版本或情绪版本的录音材料,并要求尽力记住故事内容。实验后实验人员统计计算任务得分,并于5天后采用问卷对被试进行"自由回忆测试"和"识别测试"。男女各20名被试参加了实验。结果表明:(1)情绪唤醒对人的长时记忆表现出"窄化效应;"(2)情绪唤醒水平下的记忆也呈现首因、近因效应;(3)情绪对双任务的绩效都有影响,且影响方式并非是简单的注意力资源分配,而主要取决于任务性质。

The purpose of this study was to analysis the impacts of emotional arousal on memory under a dual-task environment.Subjets were required to remember the contents of the stories they heard from the audio materials as much as they can,while finishing the calculation task on the computer.Two memory tests were carried out after the experiment 5 days later.Twenty male and 20 female subjects were involved in this research.Results showed that（1） emotional arousal has no signifficant effect on short-term memory,but makes ＂narrow effect＂on long-term memory;（2） the memory under emotional arousal also shows ＂primary effect＂ and＂recency effect＂;（3） emotion has effects on both calculation and memory task performance,it＇s not only the atterntion distribution,but also depends on the tasks.